PanEuropean Common Bird
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Species trends

Since January 2006, the production of European species trends has been supported by the European Commission.

Table overview: Updated European species indices, long-term and ten-year trends, slopes, and habitat classification.
Click superscript letters in the header for explanations.
Graphs: Select species using the checkboxes and click Show. Display graphs separately or combined (All data in one graph). Confidential limits are available only for single-species graphs.
Options: Use Reset to clear selections. Sort species alphabetically or by taxonomy using Order. Country coverage is shown in individual species graphs (Countries).

Further details on the production of the European species indices and trends are provided in Trends of wild birds in Europe, 2025 update.

In one graph
Confidence limits may be shown only if the option All data in one graph is set to no.

Phoenicurus ochruros (Black Redstart)

Moderate increase (explanation)

Index for early period may be unrepresentative due to limited geographical coverage and needs to be treated with caution.

Population index (%) 1982 - 2024 , Europe

Countries

Source of the data: EBCC/BirdLife/RSPB/CSO

Species Long-term Trend (%)a) Long-term Slope (SE)b) Ten-year Trend (%)a) Ten-year Slope (SE)b) Habitat
-77 0.9702 (0.0035) 13 0.9954 (0.0042) other
11 0.9945 (0.0045) -6 0.9856 (0.0062) forest
61 1 (0.0066) -24 0.9519 (0.0103) other
-2 0.994 (0.002) 7 0.9862 (0.0075) other
-7 1.0054 (0.0033) -11 1.009 (0.004) other
-1 0.9987 (0.0015) -6 0.9946 (0.0047) other
-52 0.9792 (0.0028) -2 1.0167 (0.0115) other
82 1.008 (0.0032) 14 1.0157 (0.0059) other
-58 0.983 (0.0007) -16 0.9784 (0.0021) farmland
117 1.0088 (0.0042) 32 0.9988 (0.0107) other
-45 0.9709 (0.0016) -14 0.9843 (0.0052) farmland
50 1.0062 (0.0011) -7 0.9906 (0.0026) other
-63 0.9837 (0.08) -12 0.9792 (0.0136) farmland
-35 0.9841 (0.0021) 6 0.9868 (0.0021) farmland
-57 0.9787 (0.0007) -8 0.9904 (0.0019) forest
-35 0.9927 (0.0026) -20 0.9775 (0.0034) other
91 1.0108 (0.0017) 9 1.0009 (0.0029) other
89 1.0235 (0.0159) 21 0.9895 (0.0118) forest
39 1.0204 (0.0065) 80 1.0745 (0.013) farmland
-32 0.987 (0.0033) -19 0.9742 (0.0097) farmland
182 1.0141 (0.0019) 0 0.9917 (0.0021) other
13 1.0087 (0.0034) 5 0.9987 (0.0065) farmland
-56 0.9585 (0.0057) -1 0.9963 (0.0085) other
155 1.0163 (0.0022) 1 0.9943 (0.0024) other
-59 0.9683 (0.0085) -50 0.9153 (0.0207) forest
-31 0.984 (0.0024) -8 0.9937 (0.0063) other
2 1.0093 (0.0035) -21 0.9686 (0.0104) other
52 1.014 (0.0026) 30 1.0323 (0.0032) forest
-10 0.9957 (0.0013) 7 1.0109 (0.0034) forest
519 1.0251 (0.005) 26 1.0223 (0.0046) other
-21 0.992 (0.0014) -18 0.9796 (0.0022) other
81 1.0167 (0.0039) -6 1.0069 (0.0046) farmland
558 1.0318 (0.0032) -6 0.9948 (0.0112) other
-3 1.0057 (0.0017) -3 0.9888 (0.0042) other
-22 0.9761 (0.0049) -34 0.951 (0.0129) other
33 0.9992 (0.0027) 10 0.9928 (0.0037) forest
70 1.0146 (0.0022) 35 1.0319 (0.0031) forest
188 1.02 (0.0008) 22 1.0261 (0.0011) other
112 1.0175 (0.0021) 9 1.014 (0.0038) other
22 1.0041 (0.0011) -2 0.9992 (0.0014) other
53 1.0063 (0.002) -3 0.9968 (0.0039) farmland
-8 0.9983 (0.0029) -8 0.9847 (0.0028) other
-42 0.988 (0.0011) -4 0.9968 (0.002) other
152 1.0336 (0.0108) -11 0.9726 (0.0054) other
38 1.0059 (0.0011) -2 0.9987 (0.0029) farmland
5 1.0011 (0.001) 10 1.0121 (0.0047) other
546 1.0537 (0.0148) 49 1.0436 (0.009) other
73 1.0088 (0.0055) 23 1.0182 (0.0037) other
-76 0.9471 (0.0079) -78 0.8361 (0.0124) other
291 1.008 (0.0144) 6 0.9795 (0.0105) other
-52 0.9763 (0.004) -17 0.9818 (0.0136) other
35 1.0093 (0.0008) 1 1.0033 (0.0023) other
26 1.0122 (0.0029) 5 1.0045 (0.0088) forest
52 1.0084 (0.0016) 13 1.0079 (0.0053) other
-22 0.9915 (0.0038) -9 0.9835 (0.0037) other
97 1.0165 (0.0009) 19 1.023 (0.0017) other
80 0.9993 (0.0098) 84 1.0623 (0.0286) other
-78 0.9781 (0.0135) 15 1.0262 (0.0101) forest
32 1.01 (0.0028) 13 1.0148 (0.003) forest
-12 0.9992 (0.0052) 9 1.0053 (0.0116) other
-71 0.9809 (0.0026) 0 0.9926 (0.0032) farmland
-28 0.9871 (0.0033) -29 0.963 (0.0111) other
71 1.011 (0.0062) -1 0.9946 (0.0106) farmland
-55 0.9837 (0.0007) -19 0.9681 (0.0015) farmland
-95 0.9465 (0.0039) -40 0.9382 (0.0083) farmland
-54 0.9461 (0.016) -53 0.9106 (0.0143) farmland
-70 0.9529 (0.0052) 41 1.0406 (0.0412) forest
-34 0.991 (0.001) -6 0.9926 (0.0033) other
51 1.0083 (0.0005) 13 1.0055 (0.0014) other
-7 0.9937 (0.0021) 18 1.0129 (0.0031) farmland
175 1.0156 (0.0031) 14 1.0258 (0.007) forest
-22 0.9901 (0.0011) 6 1.0181 (0.0032) forest
-8 0.9983 (0.0003) -7 0.9901 (0.0011) other
-57 0.9723 (0.0039) 9 1.0032 (0.0044) other
-8 0.9992 (0.0011) -19 0.9793 (0.0043) other
-22 0.9896 (0.0015) -3 0.9974 (0.0031) farmland
59 1.0126 (0.0029) 19 1.0159 (0.01) farmland
-68 0.9755 (0.0051) -3 0.9847 (0.0056) other
-29 0.9949 (0.0018) -16 0.9736 (0.0034) other
-6 1.0043 (0.0014) -11 0.9874 (0.002) forest
576 1.0495 (0.0026) 33 1.0319 (0.0039) other
-36 0.9874 (0.0012) -15 0.9807 (0.0048) other
-55 0.9814 (0.0016) -8 0.9947 (0.0042) other
-39 0.9947 (0.0042) -17 0.9808 (0.0042) other
-18 0.9921 (0.0016) -21 0.9753 (0.0025) farmland
-2 1.0018 (0.0114) 20 1.0166 (0.0146) other
-62 0.9761 (0.0085) -8 0.9894 (0.0045) other
7 1.002 (0.0025) -11 0.97 (0.0061) farmland
-68 0.9501 (0.0111) -53 0.9045 (0.044) farmland
-40 0.9774 (0.0021) -7 0.9981 (0.0068) farmland
-88 0.9475 (0.0061) -6 0.9855 (0.007) other
62 1.0166 (0.0056) 24 1.0193 (0.0077) forest
-68 0.9653 (0.0008) -19 0.9792 (0.0032) farmland
-45 0.9795 (0.0024) 0 0.987 (0.0034) farmland
-82 0.966 (0.0048) -53 0.8891 (0.0121) other
-60 0.9843 (0.0027) -47 0.9348 (0.0066) other
-34 0.9897 (0.0033) 2 1.0021 (0.0036) forest
408 1.0294 (0.0051) 25 1.0282 (0.0041) other
-54 0.9883 (0.0022) -32 0.9695 (0.0062) other
-45 0.9946 (0.0016) 1 1.0073 (0.0021) other
-79 0.9403 (0.01) -29 0.9544 (0.0089) other
-19 0.995 (0.0037) -7 0.9988 (0.0081) other
-61 0.9701 (0.0025) -23 0.971 (0.0073) farmland
45 0.9996 (0.0212) -6 0.9946 (0.0048) other
-6 0.9978 (0.0013) -9 0.9869 (0.0023) other
65 0.9992 (0.0023) 17 1.0026 (0.0052) other
-74 0.9698 (0.0082) 20 1.0152 (0.0085) farmland
-61 0.9839 (0.003) -12 0.99 (0.0039) other
-6 0.9889 (0.0121) 17 1.007 (0.007) forest
-31 0.9894 (0.0018) -8 0.9843 (0.0037) other
-34 1.0023 (0.0041) -36 0.9223 (0.0163) other
-20 0.9929 (0.0057) -28 0.9552 (0.0096) other
-55 0.9639 (0.0031) -24 0.9646 (0.0096) farmland
-78 0.9687 (0.0019) -25 0.9697 (0.0039) other
-5 1.0025 (0.0024) -9 0.9883 (0.0023) other
11 1.005 (0.0006) 0 0.9987 (0.0014) other
-40 0.9901 (0.0016) -4 0.9961 (0.002) other
-47 0.9814 (0.0028) -4 0.9789 (0.004) farmland
-90 0.954 (0.0042) -45 0.9429 (0.0093) farmland
-9 0.9952 (0.004) -6 0.9872 (0.0021) forest
-2 1.0025 (0.0026) -4 0.9916 (0.0056) farmland
31 1.0028 (0.0009) 0 0.9955 (0.002) other
77 1.0078 (0.0022) 9 1.0061 (0.0027) other
47 1.0138 (0.0013) 13 1.0111 (0.0025) forest
12 1.0164 (0.0111) 33 1.0261 (0.0048) forest
221 1.0159 (0.0006) 26 1.0232 (0.0018) forest
-53 0.9791 (0.0013) -20 0.9818 (0.003) forest
-45 0.9856 (0.0004) -12 0.9803 (0.0011) other
10 0.991 (0.0017) 3 1.0011 (0.0018) other
-7 0.9916 (0.0067) 46 1.0224 (0.0129) forest
97 1.0185 (0.0023) 3 1.0057 (0.0022) other
-41 0.995 (0.008) -16 0.9929 (0.0299) other
-5 0.9924 (0.0022) 32 1.0358 (0.0087) other
-76 0.9727 (0.0013) -23 0.9807 (0.0045) forest
-46 0.9937 (0.0028) -16 0.9868 (0.0034) forest
-36 0.9929 (0.0007) -15 0.9761 (0.0017) other
114 1.0188 (0.0039) 52 1.0383 (0.0097) other
-11 0.9971 (0.0047) 3 0.9964 (0.0136) other
-20 0.9932 (0.0016) 15 1.0013 (0.0032) forest
58 1.0085 (0.0045) 26 1.0052 (0.0029) forest
-46 0.9803 (0.0009) 0 0.978 (0.0021) forest
-77 0.9819 (0.0041) -36 0.9634 (0.0045) farmland
6 0.9944 (0.005) -4 0.9884 (0.0037) farmland
-67 0.9755 (0.0029) -9 0.9816 (0.0023) farmland
107 1.0138 (0.0021) -4 0.9949 (0.0037) forest
-2 0.9964 (0.0012) 0 0.9899 (0.0031) forest
28 1.0157 (0.0014) 3 1.0087 (0.0032) other
-88 0.9624 (0.0017) -11 0.9978 (0.0041) farmland
-9 0.9955 (0.0015) -4 0.9928 (0.0038) farmland
-65 0.9813 (0.0015) -4 0.9932 (0.0029) farmland
237 1.0263 (0.0006) 18 1.0244 (0.0013) other
-36 0.9899 (0.0008) -10 0.9923 (0.0027) other
-11 0.9925 (0.0033) -7 0.9905 (0.0095) other
-25 0.9943 (0.0014) -18 0.9611 (0.006) other
-42 0.9849 (0.005) -21 1.0251 (0.0234) forest
-84 0.9272 (0.0071) -60 0.9067 (0.0401) farmland
-35 0.9864 (0.0104) 7 0.9904 (0.0223) other
-47 0.992 (0.0024) -32 0.9332 (0.0121) other
-46 0.978 (0.0056) 5 1.0033 (0.0138) other
15 1.0027 (0.0025) 1 1.0147 (0.0069) forest
-56 0.9786 (0.0021) -10 0.9844 (0.005) other
85 1.0121 (0.0005) 11 0.9963 (0.0015) other
-31 0.9923 (0.001) 4 1.0086 (0.0025) other
25 1.0069 (0.0004) 5 1.0004 (0.0009) other
5 1.0059 (0.0005) 6 0.9994 (0.0017) other
-1 0.9991 (0.001) -22 0.9495 (0.0022) other
-4 0.9967 (0.0037) -2 0.9963 (0.0068) other
-23 0.9966 (0.0016) 9 1.0032 (0.0023) forest
-15 0.9996 (0.0098) -1 0.9934 (0.0038) farmland
-71 0.9742 (0.0019) -23 0.9673 (0.0045) farmland

Trend classification

The multiplicative overall slope estimate in TRIM is converted into one of the following categories. The category depends on the overall slope as well as its 95% confidence interval (= slope +/- 1.96 times the standard error of the slope).

  • Strong increase – increase significantly more than 5% per year (5% would mean a doubling in abundance within 15 years). Criterion: lower limit of confidence interval > 1.05.
  • Moderate increase – a significant increase, but not significantly more than 5% per year. Criterion: 1.00 < lower limit of confidence interval < 1.05.
  • Stable – no significant increase or decline and the most probable trends are less than 5% per year. Criterion: confidence interval encloses 1.00 but lower limit > 0.95 and upper limit < 1.05.
  • Uncertain – no significant increase or decline, and unlikely trends are less than 5% per year. Criterion: confidence interval encloses 1.00 but lower limit < 0.95 or upper limit > 1.05.
  • Moderate decline – significant decline, but not significantly more than 5% per year. Criterion: 0.95 < upper limit of confidence interval < 1.00.
  • Steep decline – decline significantly more than 5% per year (5% would mean a halving in abundance within 15 years). Criterion: upper limit of confidence interval < 0.95.

a) Change (%) in index value between the first and last year of the time period. The Long-term Trend (%) is calculated for 1980–2024 unless otherwise specified in species notes (indicated by superscript numbers 1–14 next to species names in the table). The Ten-year Trend (%) covers the most recent ten-year period (2015–2024).

b) The multiplicative trend over the considered time period reflects the average annual percentage change. A slope value of 1 indicates no trend; values above 1 indicate a positive trend, and values below 1 a negative trend. For example, a slope of 1.08 indicates an 8% annual increase, while 0.93 indicates a 7% annual decline. Slope standard errors (SE) are shown in parentheses. The Long-term Slope is calculated for 1980–2024 unless otherwise specified in species notes (superscript 1-14 next to species names in the table). The Ten-year Slope covers the most recent ten-year period (2015–2024).

Data for species index, Long-term Trend and Long-term Slope are available for various periods between 1980 and 2024, depending on data availability. Time periods starting later than 1980 are indicated by superscript numbers 1–14 next to the species names in the table:

1)  1981−2024
2)  1982−2024
3)  1984−2024
4)  1988−2024
5)  1989−2024
6)  1990−2024
7)  1991−2024
8)  1996−2024
9)  1998−2024
10) 1999−2024
11) 2000−2024
12) 2002−2024
13) 2005−2024
14) 2006−2024