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Species trends

Since January 2006, the production of European species trends has been supported by the European Commission.

Table overview: Updated European species indices, long-term and ten-year trends, slopes, and habitat classification.
Click superscript letters in the header for explanations.
Graphs: Select species using the checkboxes and click Show. Display graphs separately or combined (All data in one graph). Confidential limits are available only for single-species graphs.
Options: Use Reset to clear selections. Sort species alphabetically or by taxonomy using Order. Country coverage is shown in individual species graphs (Countries).

Further details on the production of the European species indices and trends are provided in Trends of wild birds in Europe, 2025 update.

In one graph
Confidence limits may be shown only if the option All data in one graph is set to no.
Species Long-term Trend (%)a) Long-term Slope (SE)b) Ten-year Trend (%)a) Ten-year Slope (SE)b) Habitat
-45 0.9709 (0.0016) -14 0.9843 (0.0052) farmland
31 1.0028 (0.0009) 0 0.9955 (0.002) other
-90 0.954 (0.0042) -45 0.9429 (0.0093) farmland
-42 0.9849 (0.005) -21 1.0251 (0.0234) forest
-19 0.995 (0.0037) -7 0.9988 (0.0081) other
52 1.0084 (0.0016) 13 1.0079 (0.0053) other
-25 0.9943 (0.0014) -18 0.9611 (0.006) other
50 1.0062 (0.0011) -7 0.9906 (0.0026) other
-11 0.9925 (0.0033) -7 0.9905 (0.0095) other
-5 0.9924 (0.0022) 32 1.0358 (0.0087) other
70 1.0146 (0.0022) 35 1.0319 (0.0031) forest
188 1.02 (0.0008) 22 1.0261 (0.0011) other
-88 0.9624 (0.0017) -11 0.9978 (0.0041) farmland
28 1.0157 (0.0014) 3 1.0087 (0.0032) other
-35 0.9927 (0.0026) -20 0.9775 (0.0034) other
-22 0.9761 (0.0049) -34 0.951 (0.0129) other
-42 0.988 (0.0011) -4 0.9968 (0.002) other
-29 0.9949 (0.0018) -16 0.9736 (0.0034) other
-8 0.9992 (0.0011) -19 0.9793 (0.0043) other
576 1.0495 (0.0026) 33 1.0319 (0.0039) other
-84 0.9272 (0.0071) -60 0.9067 (0.0401) farmland
81 1.0167 (0.0039) -6 1.0069 (0.0046) farmland
39 1.0204 (0.0065) 80 1.0745 (0.013) farmland
91 1.0108 (0.0017) 9 1.0009 (0.0029) other
-12 0.9992 (0.0052) 9 1.0053 (0.0116) other
-32 0.987 (0.0033) -19 0.9742 (0.0097) farmland
-36 0.9874 (0.0012) -15 0.9807 (0.0048) other
-41 0.995 (0.008) -16 0.9929 (0.0299) other
-71 0.9742 (0.0019) -23 0.9673 (0.0045) farmland
-34 1.0023 (0.0041) -36 0.9223 (0.0163) other
-31 0.9894 (0.0018) -8 0.9843 (0.0037) other
-68 0.9653 (0.0008) -19 0.9792 (0.0032) farmland
-68 0.9755 (0.0051) -3 0.9847 (0.0056) other
-52 0.9792 (0.0028) -2 1.0167 (0.0115) other
15 1.0027 (0.0025) 1 1.0147 (0.0069) forest
-35 0.9864 (0.0104) 7 0.9904 (0.0223) other
-46 0.978 (0.0056) 5 1.0033 (0.0138) other
-56 0.9786 (0.0021) -10 0.9844 (0.005) other
-47 0.992 (0.0024) -32 0.9332 (0.0121) other
-88 0.9475 (0.0061) -6 0.9855 (0.007) other
558 1.0318 (0.0032) -6 0.9948 (0.0112) other
11 0.9945 (0.0045) -6 0.9856 (0.0062) forest
182 1.0141 (0.0019) 0 0.9917 (0.0021) other
-15 0.9996 (0.0098) -1 0.9934 (0.0038) farmland
45 0.9996 (0.0212) -6 0.9946 (0.0048) other
117 1.0088 (0.0042) 32 0.9988 (0.0107) other
-62 0.9761 (0.0085) -8 0.9894 (0.0045) other
-7 0.9916 (0.0067) 46 1.0224 (0.0129) forest
97 1.0185 (0.0023) 3 1.0057 (0.0022) other
32 1.01 (0.0028) 13 1.0148 (0.003) forest
62 1.0166 (0.0056) 24 1.0193 (0.0077) forest
-78 0.9781 (0.0135) 15 1.0262 (0.0101) forest
80 0.9993 (0.0098) 84 1.0623 (0.0286) other
97 1.0165 (0.0009) 19 1.023 (0.0017) other
-7 0.9937 (0.0021) 18 1.0129 (0.0031) farmland
-5 1.0025 (0.0024) -9 0.9883 (0.0023) other
7 1.002 (0.0025) -11 0.97 (0.0061) farmland
-68 0.9501 (0.0111) -53 0.9045 (0.044) farmland
-40 0.9774 (0.0021) -7 0.9981 (0.0068) farmland
-11 0.9971 (0.0047) 3 0.9964 (0.0136) other
26 1.0122 (0.0029) 5 1.0045 (0.0088) forest
-6 1.0043 (0.0014) -11 0.9874 (0.002) forest
10 0.991 (0.0017) 3 1.0011 (0.0018) other
-6 0.9889 (0.0121) 17 1.007 (0.007) forest
-8 0.9983 (0.0029) -8 0.9847 (0.0028) other
53 1.0063 (0.002) -3 0.9968 (0.0039) farmland
112 1.0175 (0.0021) 9 1.014 (0.0038) other
22 1.0041 (0.0011) -2 0.9992 (0.0014) other
-9 0.9952 (0.004) -6 0.9872 (0.0021) forest
-34 0.9897 (0.0033) 2 1.0021 (0.0036) forest
-46 0.9937 (0.0028) -16 0.9868 (0.0034) forest
-76 0.9727 (0.0013) -23 0.9807 (0.0045) forest
35 1.0093 (0.0008) 1 1.0033 (0.0023) other
11 1.005 (0.0006) 0 0.9987 (0.0014) other
-61 0.9701 (0.0025) -23 0.971 (0.0073) farmland
13 1.0087 (0.0034) 5 0.9987 (0.0065) farmland
408 1.0294 (0.0051) 25 1.0282 (0.0041) other
-58 0.983 (0.0007) -16 0.9784 (0.0021) farmland
59 1.0126 (0.0029) 19 1.0159 (0.01) farmland
-22 0.9896 (0.0015) -3 0.9974 (0.0031) farmland
-3 1.0057 (0.0017) -3 0.9888 (0.0042) other
-2 1.0018 (0.0114) 20 1.0166 (0.0146) other
-39 0.9947 (0.0042) -17 0.9808 (0.0042) other
-55 0.9814 (0.0016) -8 0.9947 (0.0042) other
-7 1.0054 (0.0033) -11 1.009 (0.004) other
-2 0.994 (0.002) 7 0.9862 (0.0075) other
-1 0.9987 (0.0015) -6 0.9946 (0.0047) other
61 1 (0.0066) -24 0.9519 (0.0103) other
-82 0.966 (0.0048) -53 0.8891 (0.0121) other
-60 0.9843 (0.0027) -47 0.9348 (0.0066) other
-22 0.9915 (0.0038) -9 0.9835 (0.0037) other
2 1.0093 (0.0035) -21 0.9686 (0.0104) other
-18 0.9921 (0.0016) -21 0.9753 (0.0025) farmland
114 1.0188 (0.0039) 52 1.0383 (0.0097) other
12 1.0164 (0.0111) 33 1.0261 (0.0048) forest
-53 0.9791 (0.0013) -20 0.9818 (0.003) forest
-45 0.9856 (0.0004) -12 0.9803 (0.0011) other
221 1.0159 (0.0006) 26 1.0232 (0.0018) forest
519 1.0251 (0.005) 26 1.0223 (0.0046) other
82 1.008 (0.0032) 14 1.0157 (0.0059) other
237 1.0263 (0.0006) 18 1.0244 (0.0013) other
-36 0.9899 (0.0008) -10 0.9923 (0.0027) other
291 1.008 (0.0144) 6 0.9795 (0.0105) other
546 1.0537 (0.0148) 49 1.0436 (0.009) other
5 1.0011 (0.001) 10 1.0121 (0.0047) other
-76 0.9471 (0.0079) -78 0.8361 (0.0124) other
73 1.0088 (0.0055) 23 1.0182 (0.0037) other
152 1.0336 (0.0108) -11 0.9726 (0.0054) other
38 1.0059 (0.0011) -2 0.9987 (0.0029) farmland
-52 0.9763 (0.004) -17 0.9818 (0.0136) other
52 1.014 (0.0026) 30 1.0323 (0.0032) forest
-10 0.9957 (0.0013) 7 1.0109 (0.0034) forest
107 1.0138 (0.0021) -4 0.9949 (0.0037) forest
85 1.0121 (0.0005) 11 0.9963 (0.0015) other
-65 0.9813 (0.0015) -4 0.9932 (0.0029) farmland
-9 0.9955 (0.0015) -4 0.9928 (0.0038) farmland
-23 0.9966 (0.0016) 9 1.0032 (0.0023) forest
5 1.0059 (0.0005) 6 0.9994 (0.0017) other
-31 0.9923 (0.001) 4 1.0086 (0.0025) other
25 1.0069 (0.0004) 5 1.0004 (0.0009) other
-1 0.9991 (0.001) -22 0.9495 (0.0022) other
-4 0.9967 (0.0037) -2 0.9963 (0.0068) other
-61 0.9839 (0.003) -12 0.99 (0.0039) other
51 1.0083 (0.0005) 13 1.0055 (0.0014) other
-79 0.9403 (0.01) -29 0.9544 (0.0089) other
-54 0.9883 (0.0022) -32 0.9695 (0.0062) other
-45 0.9946 (0.0016) 1 1.0073 (0.0021) other
-22 0.9901 (0.0011) 6 1.0181 (0.0032) forest
175 1.0156 (0.0031) 14 1.0258 (0.007) forest
77 1.0078 (0.0022) 9 1.0061 (0.0027) other
47 1.0138 (0.0013) 13 1.0111 (0.0025) forest
-77 0.9819 (0.0041) -36 0.9634 (0.0045) farmland
6 0.9944 (0.005) -4 0.9884 (0.0037) farmland
-78 0.9687 (0.0019) -25 0.9697 (0.0039) other
-55 0.9639 (0.0031) -24 0.9646 (0.0096) farmland
-20 0.9929 (0.0057) -28 0.9552 (0.0096) other
-46 0.9803 (0.0009) 0 0.978 (0.0021) forest
58 1.0085 (0.0045) 26 1.0052 (0.0029) forest
89 1.0235 (0.0159) 21 0.9895 (0.0118) forest
-36 0.9929 (0.0007) -15 0.9761 (0.0017) other
-40 0.9901 (0.0016) -4 0.9961 (0.002) other
-47 0.9814 (0.0028) -4 0.9789 (0.004) farmland
-2 1.0025 (0.0026) -4 0.9916 (0.0056) farmland
-57 0.9787 (0.0007) -8 0.9904 (0.0019) forest
-35 0.9841 (0.0021) 6 0.9868 (0.0021) farmland
-63 0.9837 (0.08) -12 0.9792 (0.0136) farmland
-74 0.9698 (0.0082) 20 1.0152 (0.0085) farmland
65 0.9992 (0.0023) 17 1.0026 (0.0052) other
-6 0.9978 (0.0013) -9 0.9869 (0.0023) other
-8 0.9983 (0.0003) -7 0.9901 (0.0011) other
-57 0.9723 (0.0039) 9 1.0032 (0.0044) other
33 0.9992 (0.0027) 10 0.9928 (0.0037) forest
-31 0.984 (0.0024) -8 0.9937 (0.0063) other
-20 0.9932 (0.0016) 15 1.0013 (0.0032) forest
-21 0.992 (0.0014) -18 0.9796 (0.0022) other
-45 0.9795 (0.0024) 0 0.987 (0.0034) farmland
-77 0.9702 (0.0035) 13 0.9954 (0.0042) other
155 1.0163 (0.0022) 1 0.9943 (0.0024) other
-59 0.9683 (0.0085) -50 0.9153 (0.0207) forest
-67 0.9755 (0.0029) -9 0.9816 (0.0023) farmland
-2 0.9964 (0.0012) 0 0.9899 (0.0031) forest
-56 0.9585 (0.0057) -1 0.9963 (0.0085) other
-54 0.9461 (0.016) -53 0.9106 (0.0143) farmland
-71 0.9809 (0.0026) 0 0.9926 (0.0032) farmland
-28 0.9871 (0.0033) -29 0.963 (0.0111) other
-95 0.9465 (0.0039) -40 0.9382 (0.0083) farmland
71 1.011 (0.0062) -1 0.9946 (0.0106) farmland
-55 0.9837 (0.0007) -19 0.9681 (0.0015) farmland
-34 0.991 (0.001) -6 0.9926 (0.0033) other
-70 0.9529 (0.0052) 41 1.0406 (0.0412) forest

Trend classification

The multiplicative overall slope estimate in TRIM is converted into one of the following categories. The category depends on the overall slope as well as its 95% confidence interval (= slope +/- 1.96 times the standard error of the slope).

  • Strong increase – increase significantly more than 5% per year (5% would mean a doubling in abundance within 15 years). Criterion: lower limit of confidence interval > 1.05.
  • Moderate increase – a significant increase, but not significantly more than 5% per year. Criterion: 1.00 < lower limit of confidence interval < 1.05.
  • Stable – no significant increase or decline and the most probable trends are less than 5% per year. Criterion: confidence interval encloses 1.00 but lower limit > 0.95 and upper limit < 1.05.
  • Uncertain – no significant increase or decline, and unlikely trends are less than 5% per year. Criterion: confidence interval encloses 1.00 but lower limit < 0.95 or upper limit > 1.05.
  • Moderate decline – significant decline, but not significantly more than 5% per year. Criterion: 0.95 < upper limit of confidence interval < 1.00.
  • Steep decline – decline significantly more than 5% per year (5% would mean a halving in abundance within 15 years). Criterion: upper limit of confidence interval < 0.95.

a) Change (%) in index value between the first and last year of the time period. The Long-term Trend (%) is calculated for 1980–2024 unless otherwise specified in species notes (indicated by superscript numbers 1–14 next to species names in the table). The Ten-year Trend (%) covers the most recent ten-year period (2015–2024).

b) The multiplicative trend over the considered time period reflects the average annual percentage change. A slope value of 1 indicates no trend; values above 1 indicate a positive trend, and values below 1 a negative trend. For example, a slope of 1.08 indicates an 8% annual increase, while 0.93 indicates a 7% annual decline. Slope standard errors (SE) are shown in parentheses. The Long-term Slope is calculated for 1980–2024 unless otherwise specified in species notes (superscript 1-14 next to species names in the table). The Ten-year Slope covers the most recent ten-year period (2015–2024).

Data for species index, Long-term Trend and Long-term Slope are available for various periods between 1980 and 2024, depending on data availability. Time periods starting later than 1980 are indicated by superscript numbers 1–14 next to the species names in the table:

1)  1981−2024
2)  1982−2024
3)  1984−2024
4)  1988−2024
5)  1989−2024
6)  1990−2024
7)  1991−2024
8)  1996−2024
9)  1998−2024
10) 1999−2024
11) 2000−2024
12) 2002−2024
13) 2005−2024
14) 2006−2024