European Indicators

Accompanying text of the update and a set of main Wild Bird Indices for Europe and the EU, which are freely available for download as Excel sheets, are presented here.

Since January 2006, the European Commission has supported the production of European bird indicators.

If you wish to use the PECBMS outputs, we recommend reading the rules stated in the Data Access And Co-authorship Policy.

In 2024, we decided to change PECBMS terminology in some terms as follows:
The updated names of the PECBMS indicators align with official CBD (Convention on Biological Diversity) terms used by BirdLife, the European Commission, and national and international policies. We also use the term ‘indicator’, but this applies to all the indicators we present in general.

Wild Bird Indices (so far, Common bird indicators)
All Bird Index (so far, All common birds)
Farmland Bird Index (so far, Common farmland birds)
Forest Bird Index (so far, Common forest birds)

Confidence limits may be shown only if the option All data in one graph is set to no.

Farmland Bird Index, Europe, 1980-2023

Trend of species contributing to the indicator:

  • Moderate decline 25
  • Moderate increase 5
  • Stable 7
  • Steep decline 1
  • Strong increase 0
  • Uncertain 1

Farmland Bird Index, Europe

Species Base year Trend classification
Alauda arvensis 1980 Moderate decline
Alectoris rufa 1998 Moderate decline
Anthus campestris 1991 Uncertain
Anthus pratensis 1980 Moderate decline
Bubulcus ibis 1998 Moderate increase
Burhinus oedicnemus 1998 Moderate decline
Calandrella brachydactyla 1998 Stable
Ciconia ciconia 1980 Moderate increase
Corvus frugilegus 1980 Moderate increase
Curruca communis 1980 Moderate increase
Emberiza calandra 1980 Moderate decline
Emberiza cirlus 1989 Stable
Emberiza citrinella 1980 Moderate decline
Emberiza hortulana 1980 Moderate decline
Emberiza melanocephala 2002 Moderate decline
Falco tinnunculus 1980 Moderate decline
Galerida cristata 1982 Moderate decline
Galerida theklae 1998 Moderate increase
Hirundo rustica 1980 Moderate decline
Lanius collurio 1980 Stable
Lanius minor 1999 Moderate decline
Lanius senator 1998 Moderate decline
Limosa limosa 1984 Moderate decline
Linaria cannabina 1980 Moderate decline
Melanocorypha calandra 1998 Moderate decline
Motacilla flava 1980 Moderate decline
Oenanthe hispanica 1998 Moderate decline
Passer montanus 1980 Moderate decline
Perdix perdix 1980 Moderate decline
Petronia petronia 1998 Stable
Saxicola rubetra 1980 Moderate decline
Saxicola torquatus 1989 Stable
Serinus serinus 1982 Moderate decline
Streptopelia turtur 1980 Moderate decline
Sturnus unicolor 1998 Stable
Sturnus vulgaris 1980 Moderate decline
Tetrax tetrax 1998 Steep decline
Upupa epops 1989 Stable
Vanellus vanellus 1980 Moderate decline

Farmland Bird Index, Europe

Countries
Andorra
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Croatia
Cyprus
Czechia
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Republic of Ireland
Romania
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
United Kingdom

Source of the data: EBCC/BirdLife/RSPB/CSO

Wild Bird Indices, Europe

Indicator Region Time period No. of species Trend (%)a)
Europe 1980-2023 168 -18
Europe 1980-2023 39 -60
Europe 1980-2023 34 -8

Wild Bird Indices, EU

Indicator Region Time period No. of species Trend (%)a)
EU 1980-2023 168 -17
EU 1980-2023 39 -56
EU 1980-2023 34 -5
New EU 1982-2023 29 -51
Old EU 1980-2023 39 -53

Regional Wild Bird Indices

Indicator Region Time period No. of species Trend (%)a)
Central & East Europe 1982-2023 23 -33
Central & East Europe 1982-2023 27 -14
North Europe 1980-2023 14 -42
North Europe 1980-2023 24 -17
South Europe 1989-2023 37 -47
South Europe 1989-2023 25 -32
West Europe 1980-2023 22 -52
West Europe 1980-2023 29 5